mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Post by mnopsc1b on Nov 26, 2023 4:37:33 GMT
Words for everyday utensils and tools
Aen - Utensils (also used as a classifier for utensils)
Aen Rek - Wok
Aen Moj - Pot
Aen Ringj - Cupboard
Aen Diux - Bowl
Gouh Dawh - Chopsticks
Aen Heng - Chopping Board
Fag Cax - Kitchen Knife
Fag Mid - Dagger
Fag Leq - Spoon
Mid Oij - Machete (for cutting and peeling sugar canes)
Geuz - Scissors
Aen Loengx - Box
Aen Ndoengj - Dustpan
Aen Raeng - Sieve
Aen Raep - A type of small bamboo cage for chicken and ducks
Aen Roengq - A large cage for chicken and ducks
Aen Gyoep - Bamboo Hat
Aen Cae - Plough
Aen Rauq - Rake
Zok / Cenj - Cup
Roi - Comb
Toengj Nyap Nyaj - Dustbin
Faz / Lik / Diet / Tiet - Iron (Vah Cuengh has several words for iron. Diet / Tiet is borrowed from Middle Chinese or Cantonese, Lik is the native word for iron in Southern Zhuang, and Faz is the native word for iron in Northern Zhuang)
Daengq - Stool
Daengq Lwg - Small Stool
Dwn - Straw Stool
Daengq Doeb - Foldable Stool
Eij - Chair
Eij Ninz - Lounge Chair
Eij Awq - Rocking Chair
Congz Eij / Ca Fat - Sofa
Aen Mbonq - Bed
Moeg / Denz - Quilt
Riep - Bed Net
Awq - Cradle
Fwnz Liu - Firewood
Saj Lwt - Spinning Wheel
Mae - Thread
Daeuq - Weaving Shuttle
Rok - Loom
Baengz - Cloth
Loek - Wheel
Loek Raemx - Water Wheel
Loek Rumz - Windmill
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
Gender Identity: Daic
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Post by mnopsc1b on Feb 1, 2024 5:49:40 GMT
Position words in Vah Cuengh
Fag Denh - Position / Location
Swix - Left
Gvaz - Right
Naj - Front
Laeng - Back
Kwnz / Hwnj - Up
Daej / Laj / Rongz - Down
Gyang - Middle
Haeuj - Go In
Ok - Go Out
Ndaw - Inside
Rog - Outside
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
Gender Identity: Daic
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Post by mnopsc1b on Mar 14, 2024 3:13:13 GMT
Here's a video that I made regarding the tones in Zhuang or Vah Cuengh, hopefully this will help you recognizing and memorizing the tones
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Mar 31, 2024 18:23:09 GMT
We know that some Austronesian languages call "water" as Danum or Rano, as in Ilocano or Malagasy, while others call it as Air or Wai as in Indonesian or Māori.
Interestingly, Zhuang or Vah Cuengh has the same dichotomy.
In Zhuang the word for water is Naemx or Raemx, which is cognate of Danum or Rano.
However, Zhuang has another word Yai which means "water vapor, smoke, or smell", though primarily used to denote water vapor. Yai could be a cognate of Air or Wai.
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Post by utuwutu2000 on Mar 31, 2024 23:41:10 GMT
We know that some Austronesian languages call "water" as Danum or Rano, as in Ilocano or Malagasy, while others call it as Air or Wai as in Indonesian or Māori. Interestingly, Zhuang or Vah Cuengh has the same dichotomy. In Zhuang the word for water is Naemx or Raemx, which is cognate of Danum or Rano. However, Zhuang has another word Yai which means "water vapor, smoke, or smell", though primarily used to denote water vapor. Yai could be a cognate of Air or Wai. You're right, in the Tai-kradai language family, the vast majority of the water is pronounced as naemx, Only the northern dialect of Zhuang is pronounced as raemx, which is very related to the Austronesian language family
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 1, 2024 0:11:19 GMT
We know that some Austronesian languages call "water" as Danum or Rano, as in Ilocano or Malagasy, while others call it as Air or Wai as in Indonesian or Māori. Interestingly, Zhuang or Vah Cuengh has the same dichotomy. In Zhuang the word for water is Naemx or Raemx, which is cognate of Danum or Rano. However, Zhuang has another word Yai which means "water vapor, smoke, or smell", though primarily used to denote water vapor. Yai could be a cognate of Air or Wai. You're right, in the Tai-kradai language family, the vast majority of the water is pronounced as naemx, Only the northern dialect of Zhuang is pronounced as raemx, which is very related to the Austronesian language family Both Naemx and Raemx are derived from proto-Austronesian *DaNum
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 1, 2024 0:21:12 GMT
Compare and contrast the word for water in Zhuang with various Austronesian languages
Zhuang: Naem / Raem (the final "x" is added there to indicate the tone so I'll omit it for the sake of comparison)
Amis: Nanom
Kavalan: Zanom
Paiwan: Zaljum
Ilocano: Danum
Ngaju Dayak: Danum
Malagasy: Rano
Chamorro: Hanom
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 7, 2024 15:23:38 GMT
The word for name in Vah Cuengh
Here we have an interesting case where the native word did not get replaced by the loanword, but instead the loanword took on a new meaning different from the one in its donor language
Coh - Name (native Cuengh word)
Mingz - Fame / Reputation (Sinitic loanword; in Mandarin "ming" or "mingzi" means name, whereas reputation or fame is "ming sheng" or "you ming")
Examples:
Mwngz Heuh Coh Maz / Mwngz Hemq Coh Maz - What is your name?
De Ok Mingz Raeuh - He / she is really famous
Mwngz Ok Mingz Lai Mah - Are you famous?
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
Posts: 359
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
Gender Identity: Daic
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 7, 2024 15:48:04 GMT
Words for time in Vah Cuengh
Ranz Ruz - Dawn
Haet / Haet Romh - Morning
Ban Haet - Late Morning
Ban Ngoenz / Byongh Ngoenz - Noon
Ban Haemh - Afternoon
Mbwn Fuemx - Dusk
Haemh - Evening / Night
Gyang Hwnz - Midnight
Gyang Haet - Mid Morning / In the Morning
Gyang Ngoenz - At Noon / Mid Day
Gyang Haemh - In the Evening
Neix - Now
Ngoenz Neix - Today
Ngoenz Lwenz - Yesterday
Ngoenz Gyog - Tomorrow
Ngoenz Bonz - The Day Before Yesterday
Ngoenz Rwz - The Day After Tomorrow
Haet Neix - This Morning
Ngoenz Neix Ban Haemh - This Afternoon
Haemh Neix - This Evening
Haemh Lwenz - Yesterday Evening / Yesternight
Hop - Week
Hop Neix - This Week
Hop Gonq - Last Week
Hop Laeng - Next Week
Ndwen - Month / Moon
Ndwen Neix - This Month
Ndwen Gonq - Last Month
Ndwen Laeng - Next Month
Bi - Year
Bi Neix - This Year
Bi Moq - New Year / Next Year
Bi Rwz - The Year After Next Year
Bi Liengh - Two Years After Next Year
Bi Gvaq - Last Year
Bi Gyai - The Year Before Last Year
Goek Bi - Beginning Of The Year
Gyang Bi - Middle Of The Year
Byai Bi - End Of The Year
Bi Moq Ndei / Bi Moq Angq Angq Maengx Maengx - Happy New Year
Bi Lux Bi - Year After Year
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 7, 2024 16:19:07 GMT
Words for different parts of hand in Vah Cuengh
Fwngz - Hand
Fwngz Swix - Left Hand
Fwngz Gvaz - Right Hand
Fa Fwngz / Gyang Fwngz - Palm
Laeng Fwngz - Back of Hand
Ndaw Fwngz - In Hand
Lwg Fwngz - Fingers
Lwg Fwngz Meh - Thumb
Lwg Fwngz Vix - Index Finger
Lwg Fwngz Gyang - Middle Finger
Ij Miz Coh - Ring Finger
Lwg Fwngz Cod - Pinky
Hib Fwngz - Finger Nails
Gyeh Fwngz - Gap Between Fingers
Hoh Fwngz - Knuckles
Mae Fwngz - Fingerprint
Hae Fwngz - Open Hand
Hup Fwngz - Join Hand
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 9, 2024 0:00:42 GMT
The verb "Gwn" in Vah Cuengh
Gwn stands for to eat or to drink, likely a cognate with the Malaysian/Indonesian verb Makan (to eat). It's probably one of the most commonly used verbs in the language. Although Vah Cuengh has other specific verbs like Swd (to drink), Luep (to suck), and Cup (to eat noodles/vermicelli or to kiss), those are much less commonly used than Gwn.
Here're some of the expressions with Gwn
Gwn Laeuj - To Drink Wine
Gwn Laeuj Hau - To Drink Liquor
Gwn Laeuj Meg - To Drink Beer
Gwn Raemx - To Drink Water
Gwn Caz - To Drink Tea
Gwn Cix - To Drink Milk
Gwn Gaq Faeq - To Drink Coffee
Gwn Dang - To Drink Soup
Gwn Nieng Lwg Mak - To Drink Juice
Gwn Yw - To Take Medicine
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
Posts: 359
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
Gender Identity: Daic
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 9, 2024 0:26:51 GMT
Words related to the Sun in Vah Cuengh
Ta Vaenz / Daeng Ngoenz - Sun
Dak - To Bask / To Dry
Ndit - Sunshine / Sunlight
Dak Ndit - To Bask In the Sun
Dak Haeux - To Dry Rice Grains
Dak Buh - To Dry Clothes
Dak Vaq - To Dry Pants
Dak Dep - To Dry Quilt
Dak Noh Lab - To Dry Smoked Meat
Miz Ndit - Sun Is Coming Out
Ok Ndit - Sun Is Coming Out
Ok Daeng Ngoenz - Sunrise / Sun Is Coming Out
Raeuj - Warm
Ngoenz Neix Raeuj Raeuh - Today Is Warm
Ok Daeuj Dak Ndit - Go Out and Bask In the Sun
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Ethnic Heritage: Southwest Chinese
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Post by mnopsc1b on Apr 21, 2024 18:38:31 GMT
Words related to textiles and clothing in Vah Cuengh
Rok - To Weave / Loom
Faiq / Vaiq - Cotton
Ndaij - Ramie
Si - Silk
Mae - Thread
Sai - Belt / Ribbon
Cag / Cyag - Rope
Lamh - Large Rope / Chain
Baengz - Cloth
Daem Baengz - To Weave A Cloth
San - To Knit / To Weave
Nyib - To Sew / To Stitch
Vueng - To Darn / To Repair
Daenj - To Wear
Gyaeb - To Wear / To Buckle
Lwg Gaet - Button
Vaj - Rag
Haiz - Shoes
Mauh - Hat
Buh - Clothing
Vaq - Pants
Buh Goeb - Coat / Windbreaker
Dox - Breast Scarf
Dap - Apron
Mad - Socks
Haiz Gieg - Slippers
Buh Langq - Sweater
Mbuk - Mattress
Nda - Swaddling Blanket
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mnopsc1b
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Laureate of Rice Agricultures
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Post by mnopsc1b on May 4, 2024 21:16:21 GMT
Personal Pronouns in Vah Cuengh
Gou / Gu - I (normal usage)
Mwngz / Mawz - You (singular / normal usage)
De / Minz - He / She / It (normal usage; pay attention to the pronoun "Minz" cause in some regions it can only be used on animals and can be considered rude when referring to a person)
Koij / Hoiq / Voiq - I (polite usage)
Zaeuj / Caeuj - You (polite usage)
He / She / It don't have any polite forms AFAIK, or maybe they once existed but have since been dropped or lost with time
Pwe - I (poetic usage, rarely used nowadays)
Hwe - You (poetic usage, rarely used nowadays)
Raeuz - We (inclusive)
Song Raeuz - Two Of Us (poetic and intimate usage, usually between lovers)
Dou / Du - We (exclusive)
Tsoiq - We (polite usage, rarely used nowadays)
Sou / Su - You (plural; could be used to refer to singular you in certain dialects)
Gyoengq De / Haeuj De / Haeuj Minz - They
For comparison, here're the personal pronouns in Dong / Kam, a related Tai-Kradai language
Yaoc - I
Nyac - You (singular)
Maoh - He / She / It
Daol - We (inclusive)
Jiul - We (exclusive)
Xaop - You (plural)
Ghoil Maoh - They
Kheep - Someone Else
Mungx Xengh - Other People
Daengx Daeux - Everyone
Here're some of the personal pronouns in Hlai, another Kradai language
Hou / Dhes - I
Meuu - You (singular)
Na - He / She / It
Fa - We (general)
Gha - We (inclusive)
Meuu Ta - You (plural)
Khun - They
There's a connection with Austronesian. The plural form of you in Vah Cuengh "Sou / Su" likely came from proto-Austronesian "Isu", although in the later it referred to singular you. And the singular form of you "Mwngz / Mawz" as well as the one in Hlai "Meuu" likely came from proto-Austronesian "Lima" or "Qalima", meaning hand or five.
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